![]() ![]() Therefore, for a biotransformation process, either purely chemical or biological, safety is the key for its implementation. Any changes have irreversible consequences. What is reactivity hazard? How do we ensure safety? As we have learned in this text, the numerous chemical transformations and biotransformations can be applied in industrial processes and in our daily practices. As a bioprocess engineer, you will be responsible for creating safe processes and protecting the lives and health of your colleagues. Unintended and accidental explosions can occur due to: (1) the accumulation of reactive chemicals (gas, liquid, or solid) in confined space (2) leakage of a “significant amount” of reactive chemicals (gas, liquid, or solid) to the atmosphere or environment or (3) reactor runaway. An explosion is a fast, transient, exothermic reaction. Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass, for example, are useful technologies in biomass conversion. Partial oxidation reactions are important in the chemical industry. The overall reaction products can also vary (partial oxidation versus total oxidation). Combined with the high activation energy, combustion depends largely on temperature. Combustion processes proceed with chain reactions and the reaction is highly exothermic. To safeguard processes and facilities, one needs to first identify the threat by screening for reactivity hazards. Fire and explosion are common reactivity hazards. Chemical reactivity hazard is a situation where an uncontrolled reaction could result directly or indirectly in serious harm to people, property, or equipment. The hazards are divided into three categories: physical, health, and environmental. The global harmonized system of classification and labeling is generally accepted by the world health safety bodies. With chemical safety, substance identification is the first step. There are six key knowledge bases for biosafety. WHO defines four risk groups of biosafety levels. The first line of defense on any potential unwanted transformations is isolation or containment. ![]() Managing the changes can help us, but changes can also be harmful. Is bioprocess dangerous? How do we maintain safety? What is reactive hazard? What is biohazard? Chemical transformation, or biotransformation, means change. ![]()
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